Who is a candidate for the procedure?
A person may undergo a bone marrow biopsy in order to:
diagnose different types of leukemia when a blood test shows suspicious cell changes
follow the response to a leukemia treatment
help in diagnosis and treatment of certain other cancers
diagnose and monitor the treatment of certain noncancerous blood disorders
How is the procedure performed?
First, the skin over the rear of the pelvic bone is cleansed. Local
anesthesia is used to numb the area. Sometimes a drug is given
intravenously to help calm the person having the procedure. A hollow
stainless steel needle is inserted into the back part of the pelvic
bone. Once it is inside the bone, a sample of the liquid marrow is drawn
into the syringe.
Sometimes a larger hollow needle is used to obtain a solid core
specimen of marrow from the same area. No incision or sutures are
needed.
The sample taken is checked under a microscope for abnormal cells.
What happens right after the procedure?
The small wound is covered with a bandage. The individual is allowed to go home shortly after the procedure.
What happens later at home?
The wound in the bone closes by itself. Usually there is very little
scarring. A bandage is left on for 24 hours, then removed. After that,
no special care is needed. The person may experience some pain in the
area for several days. Mild pain medications are taken as needed.
What are the potential complications after the procedure?
Rarely, a bone marrow biopsy may cause infection, slow bleeding at
the site, or allergic reaction to anesthesia. A few people may have
significant pain. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to
the healthcare provider.
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